AMNA NAWAZ: Good evening.

I'm Amna Nawaz.

GEOFF BENNETT: And I'm Geoff Bennett.

On the "News Hour" tonight: A wave of high-profi.. Disease Control and Prevention raises new concerns# about the government's handling of public health.

AMNA NAWAZ: Minneapolis begins# the long healing process in the## wake of the country's latest school shooting.

GEOFF BENNETT: And we report from# New Orleans on the deep mark left## by Hurricane Katrina and the concern# about preparedness for future storms.

ALESSANDRA JEROLLEMAN, Loyola University New# Orleans: In many ways, we are much better if we## faced Katrina.

But we won't face Katrina.

We will# face new storms that are different than Katrina.

(BREAK) GEOFF BENNETT:## Welcome to the "News Hour."

There are serious concerns tonight about the# Centers for Dise.. after Director Susan Monarez was suddenly fired# from her position on Wednesday.

She had refused## to resign amid clashes with Health Secretary# Robert F. Kennedy Jr. over vaccine policy.

AMNA NAWAZ: Monarez, an infectious# disease researcher, was sworn in## less than a month ago and had quickly clashed# with Kennedy over the handling of the agency.

In a statement, her lawyers said -- quote# -- "When she refused to rubber-stamp## unscientific reckless directives# and fire dedicated health experts,## she chose protecting the public over serving a# political agenda.

For that, she's been targeted."

Her dismissal set off a wave of resignations,# with several other senior CDC officials stepping## down in protest.

That includes the chief# medical officer, Dr. Debra Houry, who was## met with applause and hugs from supporters# and staff outside the CDC building today.

And Dr. Houry joins me now from Atlanta.

Welcome to the program.

Thanks for joining us.

DR. DEBRA HOURY, Former CDC Chief# Medical Officer: Thanks for having me.

AMNA NAWAZ: So let's just start with your# decisi.. DR. DEBRA HOURY: It was such a tough decision.# I love the CDC.

The work we do is so important.

But I had just felt we had reached# a tipping point when it came to our## science and our data and being able to do# the work we needed to do.

I was concerned## about the future of CDC and my ability to# be a leader at the CDC and to do what was## needed to be done on the inside.# I thought my voice and the voice## of my colleagues that also resigned with# me would be more powerful on the outside.

AMNA NAWAZ: What does reaching that# tipping point, as you put it, mean to you?

You saw Dr. Monarez's lawyers# reference the unscientific and## reckless directives.

What does that mean to you?

DR. DEBRA HOURY: Yes, so we have# an immunization committee meeting## coming up in a few weeks.

And# many of us, myself included,## were concerned about some of the recommendations# might walk back vaccines in our country.

To me, that's one of the tipping points.

I# think another tipping point is just the loss## of Dr. Monarez.

We hadn't had a CDC director# for several months.

When she came on board,## she brought scientific rigor and some# new ideas around public comment and## how to really make sure data drove the decisions.

When she had done some of these changes,# she was brought to the secretary's office## for discussion.

And, at that point, I# became concerned that she wouldn't be able## to implement changes that were needed# at CDC, and without that leadership,## it would just leave us vulnerable again.# And I thought that was the point to say,## enough is enough and to really raise that Bat# Signal that public health and CDC is in trouble.

AMNA NAWAZ: You have also said# previously that her firing makes## it easier for Secretary Kennedy's appointees# to change vaccine recommendations.

You just## mentioned fearing a walk-back in# some of those vaccine policies.

What does that mean specifically?# What could we see ahead?

DR. DEBRA HOURY: So, if we# don't have a CDC director,## and if there's not an acting CDC# director, then the secretary would## sign recommendations like he did for the# last ACIP, or vaccine committee, meeting.

So things like the COVID vaccine or hepatitis B# vaccine, they could choose to change ages on it## or the populations that have access to it.

I'm# just concerned about changing vaccine access## in our country and that we need to focus more# on the safety and effectiveness of vaccines,## shared decision-making around vaccines, and not# talking about misinformation around vaccines.

AMNA NAWAZ: And changes to things# like the hepatitis B vaccine,## are those conversations you were a part of during# your time there?

Those are being discussed?

DR. DEBRA HOURY: So I know that the work# groups have been asked to look at hepatitis## B.

They're in the middle of pulling a# systematic review together right now.

So I would imagine that means they will be# discussed.

My concern is, we have pulled## evidence reviews together before for the ACIP# meetings, that we had one that was pulled down## and not discussed.

I think it's really important# when we do work at CDC for our data, our science## and our evidence reviews to be publicly posted,# so the public can also review them and understand.

And, to me, that is transparency and# something we were trying to move towards,## particularly with the secretary's# commitment to radical transparency.## That would mean having publicly# available data and documents.

AMNA NAWAZ: The White House Press secretary,# Karoline Leavitt, asked about Dr. Monarez's## firing today and your resignation, among# others.

Here's what she said in response.

KAROLINE LEAVITT, White House Press# Secretary: I understand there were a## few other individuals who resigned# after the firing of Ms. Monarez.

One of those individuals wrote# in his departure statement that## he identifies pregnant women as pregnant# people.

So that's not someone who we want## in this administration anyway.

So if people are# not aligned with the president's vision and the## secretary's vision to make our country healthy# again, then we will gladly show them the door.

AMNA NAWAZ: Dr. Houry, any administration# would argue that they should be able to## staff it with people who will# help them to see through their## mission.

So what's different about# this?

What would you say to that?

DR. DEBRA HOURY: So I served under# the prior Trump administration.

And I can tell you, I was able to brief# the secretary and the assistant secretary.## None of our senior scientists or# senior careerists have briefed the## secretary on things like measles or H5N1# or vaccines.

So, to me, that's concerning.

Certainly, administrations have priorities.

And# my goal is not to judge what the priorities are,## but to help the administration implement those# priorities, as long as they follow science and## data.

I think what we have seen an issue is that# this is less on politics and more on ideology.

I really believe that, if we can follow data,# science, have more involvement of the public,## that we would increase the trust.

I think when# there's talks around, don't trust the experts,## as the secretary recently said, that doesn't# help build trust in the work we are doing.

AMNA NAWAZ: I should also note it was# just earlier this month that the CDC## headquarters in Atlanta was attacked by a# gunman who was angry about COVID vaccines,## fired nearly 200 shots, damaged six# buildings, killed a police officer.

How did that impact your team?

What's# it been like to work there since then?

DR. DEBRA HOURY: So -- and first I just# want to acknowledge Officer David Rose,## who gave his life to save my colleagues' lives.

I can tell you, it was very# traumatic for many of our staff.## I spoke to people in conference rooms that# night until about 11:30 p.m. at night,## FaceTiming them, calling them, trying# to offer support, because they didn't## know what was happening.

They'd heard the# shots.

I had several staff that were at## the day care picking up their children that# laid across their children to protect them.

I can't imagine going through that.

So,# of course, now there's mental health## consequences and longer mental health# trauma from that.

They are concerned,## if they talk about things like vaccines or# things that might have scientific controversy,## that violence could be inflicted towards them.# So it's had a significant impact on our staff.

AMNA NAWAZ: That is Dr. Debra Houry,## the former chief medical officer# from the CDC, joining us tonight.

Dr. Houry, thank you for your time.

DR. DEBRA HOURY: Thank you.

AMNA NAWAZ: And the White House has reportedly# selected Robert F. Kennedy.. Jim O'Neill, to serve as acting head of the CDC.

Mourners gathered since sunrise today outside the## Catholic school in Minneapolis# where two students were killed.

GEOFF BENNETT: We now know the# name of one of those victims,# Fletcher Merkel.

The 8-year-old's father,## Jesse Merkel, spoke outside the church# this afternoon, where his son was killed.

JESSE MERKEL, Father of Shooting Victim: As our# family and the Annunciation community grieve and## try to make sense of such a senseless act# of violence, please remember Fletcher for## the person he was and not the act that ended his# life.

Give your kids an extra hug and kiss today.

We love you, Fletcher.

You will always be with us.

GEOFF BENNETT: Special correspondent Fred de Sam## Lazaro has our report from Minneapolis# on the aftermath of the school shooting.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Across the# Twin Cities, a community mourns,## coming together in vigils today and# overnight to remember the young lives## lost in the latest mass shooting to# target school children in America.

Mourners signed two crosses for the 8-year-old and# the 10-year-old killed at a back-to-school mass## at Annunciation Catholic School.

Parishioners and# former students were still reeling from the attack## on the church, which has been part of the fabric# of the neighborhood for more than a century.

CLARISSA GARCIA, Student, Annunciation# Catholic School: I heard something really## loud.

I thought it was fireworks in the# church.

And th.. and then -- and I was like,# oh, my gosh.

I'm so scared.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Fifteen-year-old# Evan Cook is a former student.

EVAN COOK, Former Student, Annunciation# Catholic School: I was shocked when I## heard about the situation.

Like, if you're# not sa.. PATRICK SCALLEN, Lives Near Site of# Shooting: It's about a half-a-block away.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Patrick# Scallen ran to the church,## which his family has attended for# generations, when he heard the gunshots.

PATRICK SCALLEN: There were three in# particular that walked almost right## into me.

And one girl came up to me and# said: "I have been shot in the neck."

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: He comforted them# until first responders came on the scene.

PATRICK SCALLEN: They were crying and they were# panicked.

And I just knew that they needed some## help.

And nobody else was there to help them.# And right away the girl that got shot in the head## asked me to hold her hand, and I held it the whole# time.

And they were -- they were all worried.

And they said: "We just want my mom and dad."

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Three adults and# 15 children were injured in the attack.## One of those children remains in critical# condition, according to hospital officials.

Minneapolis Mayor Jacob Frey said this# moment called for more serious action.

JACOB FREY (D), Mayor of Minneapolis,# Minnesota: We need a statewide and a## federal ban on high-capacity magazines.

(APPLAUSE) they even have to reload.

We're not talking# about your father's hunting rifle here.## We're talking about guns that are# built to pierce armor and kill people.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Authorities say the# shooter died by a self-inflicted gunshot## wound behind the church, where police# say the shooter's mother previously## worked.

Police say 116 rifle rounds were# fired into the church and one live round## was recovered from a handgun that# appeared to have malfunctioned.

BRIAN O'HARA, Minneapolis, Minnesota,# Police Chief: Literally hundreds of## pieces of evidence have been recovered thus far,## which include electronic devices that will# be further searched and processed.

It now## becomes our job collectively with all of# law enforcement to process that evidence.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Police say the suspect# left behind a manifesto scheduled to post on## YouTube during the shooting.

It# was removed by law enforcement.

JOE THOMPSON, Acting U.S. Attorney for Minnesota:# The shooter expressed hate towards Black people.## The shooter expressed hate towards Mexican# people.

The shooter expressed hate towards## Christian people.

The shooter expressed# hate towards Jewish people.

In short,## the shooter appeared to hate all of us.

There appears to be only one group that the# shooter didn't hate.

The shooter idolized## some of the most notorious school shooters# and mass murderers in our country's history.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: As authorities work to# find a motive, survivors recount the horror.

JAVEN WILLIS, Student, Annunciation Catholic# School: All we hear is pow, pow, pow.

And## my classmates -- like, some of my classmates# thought it was confetti because they saw## the glass from the stained glass windows# flying.

But right when I heard the shots,## I knew I just needed to get down# and try to keep everyone safe.

SHEA MCADARAGH, Parent of Annunciation# Catholic School Shooting: The terror## you feel in a situation .. FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Shea McAdaragh was standing# just inside the church entrance when the gunfire## started.

His second grade son was at the# Wednesday mass and fled to the basement.

SHEA MCADARAGH: He didn't have to go through it# alone.

Yes, I'm glad I was there for that.

This## didn't happen at the school.

This happened at the# church.

There were no systems of protection at the## church, no drills.

No one -- no one had conceived# of somebody shooting at church full of children.

It wasn't a level of evil that the# -- sorry.

It wasn't a level of evil## that we had conceived of yet.

I guess now# society is here.

We have to deal with it.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Last night was full of# challenges for parents across this community.

CAITLIN BJORGE, Minneapolis Resident: I put# them to bed last night, and they said: "Mom,## where's the bad guy?

And I don't like bad guys, I# only like the police."

And it's just devastating.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Caitlin Nolan (ph) Bjorge# and her husband, Andrew, live across the street## from the Annunciation Church.

She heard the# gunshots shortly after 8:00 yesterday morning.

CAITLIN BJORGE: I look outside, thinking# that there's like some kind of drilling## going on.

I didn't know what it was.

And# I opened my front door and this man with## his ginormous rifle is shooting up the side of# the church.

And I just immediately called 911,## and then I called my neighbors,# who have kids that go there.

And they didn't answer.

And I'm -- I# felt this urge to get into that church,## but I had to get my own kids.

And I grabbed# them, scooped them up in the car and drove away.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: The 6-year-old# twins start school next week.

CAITLIN BJORGE: I don't want to drop them off, but# I want them to have a normal life and know that## schools are safe.

But how do we tell them that# schools are safe when this happens all the time?

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Governor Tim Walz# has deployed state law enforcement to## support local police in patrols of the city.

And# survivors urge their community to band together.

SHEA MCADARAGH: We need to# lean into the thing that we## loved about this place, which is the community.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: There are# no silver linings in this story,## but Police Chief O'Hara disclosed today# that the doors of the church were locked## from inside once the mass commenced.

And# that, he said, undoubtedly saved lives.

I spoke earlier today with the principal of# the school.

He was not ready to go on camera,## still processing a lot of grief,# along with parents and students in## this community.

They don't know yet# when school will resume -- Geoff.

GEOFF BENNETT: Our thanks to Fred de Sam# Lazaro reporting tonight for Minneapolis.

The day's other headlines begin in Kyiv,# which is reeling from a massive Russian## barrage that killed at least 21 people and# wounded 48 more.

Ukraine says it involved## nearly 600 drones and 31 missiles.

It's the# first major combined attack on the Ukrainian## capital in weeks and it comes as the U.S.# struggles to move peace efforts forward.

William Brangham has our report.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: This morning in Kyiv, a# young boy watched in disbelief as some of## his neighbors are carried away in body bags,# the building they called home for years and## the lives of those they shared it with# destroyed instantly by a Russian missile.

VLADISLAV KALASHNIKOV, Kyiv Resident (through# translator): I felt an explosion.

It all happened## so quickly.

The windows were shattered.

The# apartment was filled with dust, smoke and## smashed glass.

There was a woman and her child.# She was under a cement block.

She was not saved.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: In the heart of the# capital, the European Union said two## successive strikes landed just 150 feet from# the building housing its mission to Ukraine.## No injuries were reported among staff# and the building remains open, but: URSULA VON DER LEYEN, President,# European Commission: I'm outraged.## European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen vowed today# there will be consequences.

URSULA VON DER LEYEN: We will come# forward soon with our 19th package## of hard-biting sanctions.

And, in# parallel, we are advancing the work## on the Russian frozen assets to contribute# to Ukraine's defense and reconstruction.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: Ukraine was also on the# offensive overnight, hitting a Russian oil## refinery.

It's been nearly two weeks since the# Anchorage summit between President Trump and## Russian President Vladimir Putin.

There's still# no progress on the next step floated by Trump,## a face-to-face meeting between Putin and# Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy.

After its strikes on Kyiv today, Kremlin# spokesperson Dmitry Peskov claimed Russia## is still committed to diplomacy.

But# Ukraine's president scoffed at that idea,## writing that -- quote --# "Russia chooses ballistics,## instead of the negotiating table.

It chooses to# continue killing, instead of ending the war."

The attacks come one day before Ukrainian# representatives are supposed to meet## President Trump's team in New York to# discuss what security guarantees Ukraine## could expect in any cease-fire deal.# But that day seems, as ever, far off.

For the "PBS News Hour," I'm William Brangham.

GEOFF BENNETT: Here in the U.S., a judge granted# a new trial for the three former Memphis police## officers who were convicted in connection# with the beating death of Tyre Nichols.

Lawyers for the men had argued that another# judge who presided over their trial was biased## against them.

They have been convicted of# federal charges in 2024 of obstruction of## justice through witness tampering.

Video# of the 2023 beating of Nichols following## a traffic stop sparked nationwide# protests against police brutality.

Federal Reserve governor Lisa Cook# today sued the Trump administration## over the president's attempt to fire# her.

Trump officials alleged that Cook## misrepresented her primary residence on# mortgage applications and can be fired for## cause.

Cook's lawyers say the unsubstantiated# and unproven allegation that governor Cook## potentially aired in filing and filling out# a mortgage form does not amount to cause.

Today, the White House press secretary insisted# that the president has the authority to fire her.

KAROLINE LEAVITT, White House Press# Secretary: He has the cause that he## needs to fire this individual.

He laid it# out in the letter that he provided to her## and to the public as well.

And so we# will continue to fight this battle.

GEOFF BENNETT: No president has ever tried# to fire a Fed governor in the bank's 112-year## history.

It comes as the president is putting# increasing pressure on the Fed over what he sees## as an unwillingness to lower interest rates.

An# initial court hearing is scheduled for tomorrow.

In Florida, a federal judge has upheld# her ruling to wind down the Everglades## detention center known as Alligator Alcatraz# by late October.

The decision comes after## e-mails emerged from last week showing# a Florida official signaling that most## detainees will be gone within a few days.# The facility opened just last month.

State## officials say Florida stands to lose most# of the $218 million invested in the project.

Also today, the Department of Homeland Security# asked a military base outside Chicago for support## on immigration operations in the form of# -- quote -- "facilities, infrastructure,## and other logistical needs."

The base said# no decisions have been made on the request.

Meantime, authorities in Rwanda say# they have received seven deportees## from the U.S. so far this month after# agreeing to take in as many as 250.## The East African country is one of four# African nations, along with Uganda, Eswatini,## and South Sudan that have such deportation# agreements with the Trump administration.

A Rwandan spokesperson says three of the# individuals have expressed a desire to## return to their home countries, while four# wish to stay and build lives in Rwanda.## No further information was provided# about the identities of the deportees.

The U.N. Security Council voted unanimously# today to end its nearly five-decade peacekeeping## mission along Lebanon's southern# border with Israel.

Scaling down## the nearly 11,000-member force will begin# immediately, with a final withdrawal by the## end of next year.

The pullout follows U.S.# and Israeli demands to end the mission and## leaves the Lebanese government as the# sole provider of security in the area.

Meantime, in Gaza City, ambulances rushed# to the site of blasts from Israeli strikes## today.

The Israeli military has stepped up# its bombardment there, calling it the last## Hamas stronghold.

Health officials say at least# 16 Palestinians were killed today across Gaza.

Back in this country, officials at the# CDC said today that a salmonella outbreak## involving recalled eggs has poisoned nearly# 100 people across the country.

The cases## appeared in more than a dozen states starting# in January; 18 people had to be hospitalized,## and the CDC says the actual number of those# infected is likely much higher than reported.

The FDA says Country Eggs LLC# of Lucerne Valley, California,## was a common supplier in areas where# people got sick.

The company has## suspended production of its brown cage-free# Sunshine Yolks or omega-3 Golden Yolk eggs.

The Atlanta Journal-Constitution# is stopping its print edition## and shifting to a digital-only model in the# new year.

In a statement, the company said,## "We knew this day would come," adding that# "Many more people engage with our digital## platforms and products today than with our print# edition, and that shift is only accelerating."

The announcement follows similar moves by# The Star-Ledger in New Jersey, among others,## amid a broader shift in how people get their news.## The AJC's final print edition# will appear on December 31.

On Wall Street today, stocks hit new highs after# the latest earnings report from chipmaker Nvidia.## The Dow Jones industrial average added# around 70 points on the day.

The Nasdaq## rose 115 points.

The S&P 500 closed at a new# all-time high for a second day in the row.

Still to come on the "News Hour":# Europe reimposes sanctions on Iran## that were suspended as a part of the nuclear deal;## a husband speaks out after his wife's immigration# detention led to her being hospitalized;## and we visit New Hampshire to examine the# impact of state-level cuts to the arts.

Three European countries that were part# of the initial 2015 Iran nuclear deal## today launched a process to# reimpose sweeping sanctions## on Iran lifted a decade ago as part of# the agreement with the Islamic Republic.

France, Germany and the U.K. accused Iran# of breaking its commitments from that deal,## starting a 30-day clock that could end# with Iran's economy further squeezed,## its arms deals halted, and# its foreign assets frozen.

Nick Schifrin is following this for us.

So, Nick, explain why these European countries## are sanctioning Iran and why# this is called a snapback.

NICK SCHIFRIN: It's called a snapback# because the idea is to snap back those## sanctions that you just mentioned that were# lifted on Iran back in the 2015 nuclear deal.

Of course, President Trump withdrew# from the deal back in 2018, but Germany,## France and the United Kingdom did not# withdraw from the deal.

And that gave## them the ability today to send this letter# about Iran that judges Iran -- quote -- "to## be in significant nonperformance of its# commitments under the nuclear deal."

The Europeans say Iran, one, exceeded the# caps on its uranium stockpile or nuclear## fuel.

That includes uranium enriched to# 60 percent, one step below weapons-grade,## that the Europeans said today -- quote --# "has no credible civilian justification."

Number two, the letter also says# Iran restarted prohibited enrichment,## and it says Iran -- quote -- "ceased to# allow nuclear inspectors from required## verification monitoring to the extent that# the U.N.'s nuclear watchdog is not able to## provide assurance of the peaceful# nature of Iran's nuclear program."

In the last few days and weeks, Geoff, European# officials made it very clear to Iran that they## had to negotiate directly with the U.S., they# had to allow inspectors all over the country,## including those sites that the United States# bombed just two months ago, and, three, Iran## had to account for the 60 percent uranium that# Iran and the U.S. say were buried in those sites.

But Iran did not take any of those steps.# And, therefore, you get snapback today.

GEOFF BENNETT: And how has Iran# responded to the threat of new sanctions?

NICK SCHIFRIN: Iran's foreign minister and deputy# foreign minister both released statements today.## They accused the U.S. and Europe long ago of# failing to hold up their end of the nuclear deal,## and therefore they said that it was -- quote# -- "illegal" that they imposed snapback today.

They warned that their cooperation# with those international inspectors,## the only real window that we have into Iran's# nuclear program, would -- quote -- "likely be## stopped."

And Iranian hard-liners, Geoff,# have long warned that if Europe proceeded## with snapback, they would leave the Nuclear# Proliferation Treaty, which obliges Iran## to give access to international inspectors,# but no follow-through on that threat today.

GEOFF BENNETT: So what happens now?

NICK SCHIFRIN: Well, as you said,# there's a 30.. of which we would expect the Security# Council to reimpose all those sanctions.

And they are punishing sanctions on Iran, although# the U.S. sanctions, in fact, are even harsher than## these U.N. sanctions.

But the diplomacy can# continue in those 30 days.

Secretary of State## Marco Rubio, also the national security adviser,# released a statement today, and he said -- quote## -- "Snapback does not contradict our earnest# readiness for diplomacy.

It only enhances it."

Now, we talked to some experts today# who echo that argument, and they say## that today's step gives the U.S. leverage to# make a deal.

Take a listen to Elliott Abrams.## He was a special representative for Iran and# Venezuela in the first Trump administration.

ELLIOTT ABRAMS, Former U.S. Special Representative# For Iran: My view is that the Iranians don't## negotiate in good faith without pressure.

So,# if you think that there is a possibility of a## negotiation with the regime, then I think you# have got to keep the pressure on it up.

If the## pressure is released, they're just going# to walk away from a serious negotiation.

NICK SCHIFRIN: But you heard Iran's threats about# ending cooperation with international inspectors,## perhaps leaving the Nuclear Proliferation Treaty.

And other experts believe that# this step by the Europeans today## to initiate this snapback undercuts the# possibility of a successful negotiation.

Take a listen to Jennifer Kavanagh.# She's with Defense Priorities,## a think tank that advocates# for restraint around the world.

JENNIFER KAVANAGH, Defense Priorities: I think# that having more pressure placed on them will## push Iran further from the negotiating table# with everyone.

And it also creates domestic## pressure.

The Iranian regime can't# be seen by its domestic public to be## giving in now to pressure from Europe or# additional pressure from the United States.## It forces the Iranian regime to# take steps like threatening to## pull out of the nuclear nonproliferation# regime and other types of drastic moves.

NICK SCHIFRIN: Geoff, a senior U.S. official# tonight told me that was the debate that## the U.S. was having internally before the# 12-day war launched by the U.S. and Israel,## that one side was arguing that, no, this could# lead to less likely of a successful outcome,## the other side saying, no, it gives us leverage.

But since that war, this senior U.S.# official tells me tonight that most## of those officials believe there is# simply no downside to the snapback.

But, at the end of the day, there# is also still no solution to the## impasse that you and I have talked about# four months.

Iran is still demanding it## contain -- or continue its enrichment.

And# the U.S. as part of any deal is arguing that## Iran needs to stop enrichment.

And# that impasse maintains even today.

GEOFF BENNETT: Nick Schifrin, thank# you so much for this reporting.

NICK SCHIFRIN: Thank you.

AMNA NAWAZ:## Earlier this month, Jemmy Jimenez Rosa and her# family returned home to the U.S. after a vacation## in Mexico, when she was suddenly arrested by# Border Patrol agents at Boston Logan Airport.

Jimenez Rosa, who has a green card, was held# for 10 days and moved between multiple detention## facilities from Massachusetts to Maine.

Her story# has caught national attention as one of many## people with no violent criminal convictions caught# up in the administration's immigration crackdown.

For more, I'm joined now by her husband,# Marcel Rosa, and her lawyer, Todd Pomerleau.

Gentlemen, welcome to you both,# and thank you for joining us.

TODD POMERLEAU, Attorney for Jemmy# Jimenez Rosa: Thank you very much## for having us.

We .. AMNA NAWAZ: Marcel, I want to begin# with you.

And I will just say we## can't even imagine what you and your# family have been through this month.

But just take me back to that day, August 11.# You and Jemmy and your three young daughters## land home at the Boston Airport.

She's suddenly# taken into custody.

Tell me about that moment.

MARCEL ROSA, Husband of Jemmy Jimenez Rosa:# They took Jemmy into a room by herself.

And,## a few minutes later, they opened up the# door, asked me to go in the room.

I was## with my kids.

I told them I'm going to# take my kids with me inside the room.

And that's when -- once I walked into the room,## that's when I noticed that something had# just happened.

My wife, she was sitting down,## sunk in the chair.

I just knew that there was no# way that she would be able to come out that room,## just based off the energy.

There was only one# officer that was really doing the talking.

He essentially said that she wasn't leaving.

I# pleaded with them.

I asked a series of questions.## What they were saying was very# vague.

She was just -- she just## broke down crying.

Just the way# the CBP officers was treating the## situation I thought was inhumane.

They# was just -- it was destroying my family.

And it was as if it was nothing to them,# like as if it was an assembly line in a## car manufacturing facility, just another task# that they have to deal with.

It was tough.

It## was real tough.

I -- we felt like we was# ambushed.

It was just a tough situation.

You go -- we went from having the best vacation# to just getting my wife ripped out of my life.

AMNA NAWAZ: Todd, as Marcel has mentioned,## Jemmy has a green card.

She's a legal permanent# resident here in the United States.

Her children,## Marcel, they're all U.S. citizens.

What have you# learned about why she was arrested and detained?

TODD POMERLEAU: To this day, after two weeks# of litigation and numerous written requests,## we have never officially been served with# any documentation for why she was detained.

She came here at the age of 9 for the American# dream.

She came here with her green card,## her lawful permanent residency.

When# she was a 20-year-old college student,## at one time in her life, she had some marijuana# and she accepted full responsibility for it.

I knew that this charge was fully pardoned over# a year ago by the governor of Massachusetts,## because marijuana possession is no# longer a crime in Massachusetts,## just like numerous other states in the country.

AMNA NAWAZ: In those 10 days, what was it like# for her?

What has she told you about that time?

MARCEL ROSA: She was just scared the whole# time.

She wasn't getting the proper treatment.## She has diabetes.

She has asthma.# She has a series of -- actually,## at one point, her blood# pressure was as high as 198.

And the only thing that they was giving her was# anxiety pills.

We didn't even find out until a## week after the fact that she went to the emergency# room a second time.

They wouldn't allow her to## call or even allow the doctors to call us.

So,# that was actually news to us.

It was surprising.

Yes, her health was deteriorating a# lot, especially in the CBP custody.

AMNA NAWAZ: I have to ask you, because you# say -- this clearly caught you by surprise.## You say you feel like you were ambushed.# You're someone who has previously served## in the government for about a decade, right,# also, in the Department of Homeland Security.

This government now says that a green# card is a privilege, not a right.## That's their language.

They also say# that even legal permanent residents## with previous criminal convictions may# be subject to mandatory detention.

And,## technically, that does include your# wife.

What's your reaction to that?

MARCEL ROSA: I just feel as if the individuals# that were involved in this case made the wrong## decision.

They stated that they may detain and# -- detain someone going through the checkpoint.

That means that they had an option either to# detain them or just release them, summons them to## a court or a hearing, some type of meeting.

That# wasn't done.

There's a difference between will,## shall, must.

Those terms were not used.

They# said may.

In the public statement, they said may.

That means that the CBP supervisor# had the option to let her go.

AMNA NAWAZ: You mentioned you feel one officer# acted in a rogue manner here.

Jemmy's story is## not unlike others that we have heard# from across the country here.

So when## you see this campaign, this promise from# this administration of mass deportations,## and then you see your wife being treated the# way that she was, what does that say to you?

MARCEL ROSA: I feel as if better decisions# could be made.

She's not a flight risk.

I also am very confident that there's a lot# of other individuals in the same shoes that## don't have a voice.

I understand, if someone is# a criminal, they're actively committing crimes,## they have committed murder, things like that, I# understand.

But there's a lot of -- from what I'm## seeing right now, there's a lot of innocent# people getting caught up in this system.

AMNA NAWAZ: Marcel, tell us about# Jemmy today.

How is she doing?

And## is there still a potential that she could# be detained again or potentially deported?

MARCEL ROSA: As of right now, she# was released, no bond, nothing.## They never filed charges based# off the lawsuit that we filed.

TODD POMERLEAU: I see no other plausible# or legal basis they could ever seek to## deport her again.

But she lives# in fear of that happening again.

AMNA NAWAZ: Marcel, if there's one# thing you want people to understand## about what happened to you and# your family, what would that be?

MARCEL ROSA: It was a nightmare.

I wouldn't# wish this upon any family.

It was very,## very hard to get out of this situation.

So we're## just thankful all around for all# the love and support from everyone.

It's really a terrible situation.## I really don't see too many people getting# out of this situation.

It's just so complex.

AMNA NAWAZ: Marcel Rosa, we're thinking# about you and Jemmy and your daughters## at home.

Thanks to you and your lawyer,# Todd Pomerleau, for joining us tonight.

TODD POMERLEAU: You're very# welcome.

Thank you for having us.

MARCEL ROSA: Thank you.

Appreciate it.

GEOFF BENNETT:## It has been 20 years since Hurricane Katrina# devastated the Louisiana, Mississippi, and## Alabama coasts.

More than 1,300 lives were lost# in the storm's wake, the majority in New Orleans.

While Katrina remains the costliest# natural disaster in U.S. history,## the deepest impact is found in the human suffering# and the long, difficult journey toward recovery.

For our series Tipping Point, Lisa Desjardins# recently traveled to the region to explore the## lessons learned by the U.S. and what still lies# ahead as weather has become even more extreme.

MICHAEL WHITE, Musician: I didn't even realize how## much music kind of vibrates through the# city all the time until it wasn't there.

LISA DESJARDINS: For Michael White,## the most difficult part of Hurricane# Katrina was the silence that came after.

MICHAEL WHITE: Every footstep I made# had a different kind of sound.

You## realize that the heartbeat of the# city is this vibrant pulse of music## and life and joyous expression.# And that was completely gone.

LISA DESJARDINS: White is a clarinetist and# among New Orleans' most beloved musicians,## dedicating his life to the rich heritage of# the city he loves.

For him and so many others,## Katrina divided life in two, before and after.

GWEN IFILL, Former "PBS News# Hour" Anchor: Hurricane Katrina## hit the Gulf Coast hard today from# Louisiana to the Florida Panhandle.

LISA DESJARDINS: On August 29, 2005,# the Category 3 hurricane slammed into## Southwest Louisiana.

After levees failed,# 80 percent of New Orleans was underwater.## Thousands were rescued from rooftops.

Tens of# thousands more sought refuge in the Superdome.

Across the region, over 1,000# people died from the storm.

JEFFREY BROWN: You mean the line right there?

MICHAEL WHITE: Yes, that's the highest# point, and that was at.. LISA DESJARDINS: In 2005, White showed "News# Hour" the destruction.

The storm made some## 300,000 homes uninhabitable.# And, in 2025, some still are.

It looks like there was some work done or has## there been no work done on# this house, do you think?

MICHAEL WHITE: It's hard to tell.# But one of the problems was a lot## of people ran out of money to repair the houses.

LISA DESJARDINS: Abandoned buildings# and empty lots still dot the city,## some to this day bearing the telltale X# left by Katrina's search-and-rescue teams.

MICHAEL WHITE: You know, a lot of this# area has come back, but, as you can see... MICHAEL WHITE: ... we have a row of houses# that are still abandoned nearly 20 years later.

LISA DESJARDINS: White returned from evacuation# to find almost nothing could be saved,## not his historic photos, not his sheet music,# and not his dozens of historic clarinets.

MICHAEL WHITE: Each instrument is like a person# that has its own sound, its own personality## and moods almost.

I couldn't bear to open those# cases, because, to me, those are bodies inside.

LISA DESJARDINS: White built# a new clarinet collection,## but the city is not reborn.

New# Orleans' population today is a## quarter smaller than it was when Katrina# struck.

There are new levees in place,## but some still question whether this city and# the country are ready for the next big storm.

That includes the man who# led the Katrina response,## Russel Honore.

He questions# the federal approach now.

LT. GEN. RUSSEL HONORE (RET.)

(U.S. Army): It# doesn't make sense.

It doesn't make sense.

And,## again, it goes back to the# lessons learned from Katrina.

LISA DESJARDINS: Few understand the complex# issues and high-stakes better.

The retired## lieutenant general led Joint Task Force# Katrina.

His no-nonsense approach was## credited with turning around a chaotic# situation.

Now he sees another tricky## landscape.

He's worried about federal cuts to key# agencies, but assured by the new levee system.

LT. GEN. RUSSEL HONORE (RET.

): We put# $114 billion into recovery in Louisiana,## about $14 billion of that in a levee protection## system.

And we had a storm three years# after Katrina came and the levees held.

ALESSANDRA JEROLLEMAN, Loyola University New# Orleans: In many ways, we are much better if we## faced Katrina.

But we won't face Katrina.

We will# face new storms that are different than Katrina.

LISA DESJARDINS: Alessandra Jerolleman of# Loyola University New Orleans lost her home,## her car and much of the community she# loved in Katrina.

That transformed## her purpose to disaster preparation# and recovery.

And she is concerned.

ALESSANDRA JEROLLEMAN: It is always# a big concern for me that we might## see a large hurricane, we might see rapid# intensification where folks can't leave.

LISA DESJARDINS: Like Honore, she's worried about# a political storm, the Trump cuts to weather## and natural disaster agencies, including# the Federal Emergency Management Agency.

DONALD TRUMP, President of the United# States: We want to wean off of FEMA,## and we want to bring it down to the state level.

LISA DESJARDINS: President Trump and Homeland# Security Secretary Kristi Noem now say they## want to reform FEMA, shifting more to the# states, which they argue do a better job.

KRISTI NOEM, U.S.

Homeland Security Secretary:# The president recognizes that FEMA should not## exist the way that it always has been.# It needs to be redeployed in a new way.

LISA DESJARDINS: But Honore is blunt.

LT. GEN. RUSSEL HONORE (RET.

): The# states aren't ready.

I think the## political-speak about wanting to# get rid of FEMA and reducing its## involvement in response is putting# doubt in a lot of people's mind.

LISA DESJARDINS: This as the Gulf# Coast faces more extreme weather.## Global temperatures and ocean# temperatures are rising.

And## the Trump administration has made# key climate data harder to access.

But no one can deny this January New# Orleans shattered its snowfall record,## followed by record heat this summer.

LT. GEN. RUSSEL HONORE (RET.

): Since Katrina,# scientists have done a lot of work to document## these strong storms and the anomalies associated# with -- and the science by why the storms appear## to be stronger, or why we're having two and# three 100-year storms in a 10-year period.

ALESSANDRA JEROLLEMAN: What we see with climate## change is some shifts in the# parameters of weather events.

LISA DESJARDINS: Are you worried# the lessons could be forgotten?

ALESSANDRA JEROLLEMAN: I am worried.

We have to# think about disasters like hurricanes in a more## holistic fashion, right, because the problem in# Katrina, it wasn't just the hurricane.

It was## certainly the problems with the maintenance# of the levees, but also coastal erosion,## land loss, the long history of the oil and# gas canals that hadn't been closed off.

All of these myriad factors# that were just piling on risk.

LISA DESJARDINS: There is holistic# thinking on a local level here,## like in the hard-hit Lower Ninth Ward.

ARTHUR JOHNSON, Sustain the Nine: There# were a lot of promises after Katrina,## but not a lot of fulfillment of those promises.

LISA DESJARDINS: Arthur Johnson helps# run a group known as Sustain the Nine.

ARTHUR JOHNSON: We lost a# lot of trees from Katrina,## millions of trees.

And then every year# you have a storm and that takes trees out.

LISA DESJARDINS: They are now planting cypress# trees and other native plants to reduce## erosion and teaching sustainability in the face# of increasingly wild weather like tornadoes.

ARTHUR JOHNSON: We're no longer just# dealing with hurricane and hurricane## season, which is now six months out of the year.

LISA DESJARDINS: Like many# low-lying places hit by Katrina,## this area is at higher risk for problems.# But this group insists on rebuilding.

WILLIAM WAITERS, Sustain the Nine:# We're not going away.

I mean,## Katrina couldn't drown us.

So we# damn well ain't going to allow no## politician and their failed programs# to drown us.

It's not going to happen.

LISA DESJARDINS: That's not the# only existential debate connected## to Katrina.

Musician Michael White feels it.

MICHAEL WHITE: There is no return to normal.# Life as I knew it ended with Katrina.

And it## took a long time for that to sink in.

I feel# like I'm on my second life, because everything## changed.

Everything was destroyed or gone.# And a part of me kind of died with Katrina.

LISA DESJARDINS: But something else was# born.

He rarely composed before the storm,## but now writing songs has become a daily lifeline.

MICHAEL WHITE: I just pick up my clarinet and# I don't think about it.

I just play a note.

I## don't know what comes after that, but I will just# play another note.

And so from there, I will go: (MUSIC) MICHAEL WHITE: After kind of coming a.. Katrina for many years, my mind seemed to# open up.

And it seems like all of the music## that I have ever heard is kind of in my# head simmering around, like a gumbo pot.

And it's like if you stir the pot you never# know what comes up, like, a shrimp, an oyster,## hot sausage.

All of those things are in# gumbo, and that's kind of what it's like.

LISA DESJARDINS: Twenty years on,# New Orleans still has not recovered## from Katrina.

But like the music it# helped create, it keeps improvising.

For the "PBS News Hour," I'm# Lisa Desjardins in New Orleans.

AMNA NAWAZ:## There's been a lot of news about# federal funding cuts to the arts,## but some states are also# slashing their arts funding.

Senior arts correspondent Jeffrey Brown visited# New Hampshire, where the cultural sector generated## some $3.5 billion in revenue in 2023, but where# arts groups now face a potential double hit.

His report is for our series Art in Action,## exploring the intersection of art and# democracy, and part of our Canvas coverage.

JEFFREY BROWN: On a hot summer evening at the# Apple Hill Center for Chamber Music in the## woodlands of Nelson, New Hampshire, concertgoers# gathered for an evening meal and performance.

The center, celebrating its 55th# season, was originally started as## a summer music camp for young musicians,# and later expanded to include students of## all ages with a range of experience# levels.

In addition to instruction,## a revolving faculty of professional# musicians offers a series of concerts.

Executive director Sam Bergman says# the center has become a staple of## the Monadnock region of Southern New# Hampshire's thriving cultural life.

SAM BERGMAN, Executive Director, Apple Hill# Center for Chamber Music: We bring in as many## as 300 students a year for our summer chamber# music workshop.. but they also go into town.

Their# families come to hear their concerts.## They stay in hotels.

They go to the# restaurants.

They go to the bars.

These are people who are coming# here specifically for Apple Hill,## but then they're captivated by the whole region.

JEFFREY BROWN: But earlier this summer, Apple# Hill got news from the New Hampshire State## Council on the Arts that its funding had been# cut.

The grant of $13,500 makes up just a small## portion of Apple Hill's $1.2 million budget.

But# the cut, says Bergman, sends a troubling message.

SAM BERGMAN: We know that the arts in New# Hampshire provide a tremendous economic## impact to this state, and also provide a social# impact in one of the oldest states in the country,## in a state that talks incessantly about# the need to keep the young people of New## Hampshire in New Hampshire as they grow# up, to provide a place that they want## to stay and also to be a place that can# attract younger people from elsewhere.

We know that one of the key ways to do that is# through cultural offerings, through having arts.

JEFFREY BROWN: So, that's at risk.

SAM BERGMAN: It's a huge risk.

JEFFREY BROWN: The cuts came as the state# legislature voted to all but eliminat.. for the Arts Council, about $1.4 million last# year, leaving just enough for one employee, down## from seven.

The stated reason?

Revenue shortfalls# due in part to recent tax repeals and the drawing## down of COVID-19 era federal assistance in a state# that doesn't have personal income or sales taxes.

Republican State Senator Tim Lang# heads the Ways and Means Committee.

STATE SEN. TIMOTHY LANG (R-NH): In good revenue# times, these are great functions to have,## but we're in bad revenue times and we have# to cut back and limit what government does.

JEFFREY BROWN: I mean, the term# I heard was wants versus needs.

STATE SEN. TIMOTHY LANG:# Wants versus needs, right.

JEFFREY BROWN: Lang insists the# cuts are not ideological.

He says## he believes in the value of the arts, but# the state needs new ways to fund them.

STATE SEN. TIMOTHY LANG: We created the new# funding mechanism through tax credits.

So we## allow in New Hampshire to get donations# and businesses can use -- in this case,## 50 percent of the donation can be used# as a credit against taxes you might## owe the state.

So rather than the# money coming in and going back out,## we just don't get the money, and the# business gets to get the benefit.

So we felt New Hampshire has a vibrant art# community, that there were enough private patrons## that would buy the tax credits and that would give# funding to the arts to continue the arts program.

JEFFREY BROWN: But it's not that# straightforward, counters Sarah Stewart,## commissioner of New Hampshire's Department# of Natural and Cultural Resources, which## oversees the Arts Council.

Those grants,# even when small, have outsized impacts.

SARAH STEWART, Commissioner, New Hampshire# Department of Natural and Cultural Resources:## we have built a network.

We have a roster# of professional artists that we have been## able to vet.

These are sort of providing# a gold standard.

To these organizations## that are fund-raising otherwise, but# with a New Hampshire state grant,## they can showcase that they have been vetted# properly and that they're worthy of investment.

JEFFREY BROWN: The budget cut, she says,# puts her state in an unenviable position.

SARAH STEWART: That leaves us behind# all of our states and territories.## New Hampshire is now, with this allocation,# the least funded in the country behind Guam.

JEFFREY BROWN: And that's not# a good place to be for you.

SARAH STEWART: No, but we can only go up# from here.

It's painful.

And knowing that## we have worked so hard to build these# programs up to where they are today,## and to have to now take a# giant step back is a shame.

JEFFREY BROWN: Where does this leave# arts organizations?

Not so supercali,## maybe more fragilistic, even as the shows# went on, including "Mary Poppins" at the## New London Barn Playhouse in the middle of# its 93rd season when we visited in July.

Executive artistic director Keith Coughlin: KEITH COUGHLIN, Executive Artistic Director,# New London Barn Playhouse: The Northeast## is an interesting sort of area of the# country where th.. theaters that have been around for decades that... JEFFREY BROWN: Including in old barns.

KEITH COUGHLIN: Including in old barns, all# up and dow.. carry a rich history of providing# entertainment to their communities,## but also a breeding ground for young artists.

JEFFREY BROWN: The barn playhouse# lost a state-funded grant that went## towards a program called Improv for Caregivers,## working through theater with caregivers# of Alzheimer's and dementia patients.

KEITH COUGHLIN: This program was entirely# funded by the state and we were able to## offer it for free.

That was really an exciting# piece to what we could offer the community.

JEFFREY BROWN: There are also the hits# from federal cuts and unknowns to come.## The Barn Playhouse lost NEA funding earlier# this year for a program that includes bringing## theater into local schools.

After appealing# the decision, that funding was reinstated.

KEITH COUGHLIN: It's just a time# of uncertainty.

Faced with tough## decisions in terms of programming, do# we need to reduce because this -- that## funding is not coming?

Do we need to# change?

We hope that we don't have to## push ticket prices or things that end up# harming the organization in other ways.

SAL PRIZIO, Executive Director, Capitol# Center for the Arts: We seem to be living## in a time where a lot of people# are .. responsibility of investing in# the culture in which they enjoy.

JEFFREY BROWN: Sal Prizio, executive director# of the Capitol Center for the Arts, a performing## arts venue in concord, also chairs Arts for New# Hampshire, a statewide advocacy organization.

SAL PRIZIO: I have reminded everybody we lost# a battle, we're not going to lose the war,## because here in New Hampshire there's elections# every two years.

So it's like the weather,## it changes every five minutes kind of thing.

So it is the identity of what makes New Hampshire,# New Hampshire.

And can we come .. umbrella to be able to have a louder voice,# a megaphone that speaks to whether it's the## elected officials on the Statehouse or just more# broadly to the entire state of New Hampshire?

JEFFREY BROWN: For now, the music and# shows go on here at Apple Hill and beyond,## while artists, organizations and# audiences await the next act.

For the "PBS News Hour," I'm Jeffrey# Brown in Nelson, New Hampshire.

AMNA NAWAZ: And that is the "News# Hour" for tonight.

I'm Amna Nawaz.

GEOFF BENNETT: And I'm Geoff Bennett.

For all of us here at the "PBS News Hou..